Design for manufacturing

For the aerospace industry, parts machining goes far beyond having the latest CNC equipment and accessories. It also means engaging at the earliest stages of the process using the latest in design for manufacturing (DFM), simulation, and process verification processes prior to cutting the first part. It’s critically important to have flexibility and adaptability to make changes and scale production when needed, with the ability and commitment to inspect with the most precise tools throughout the process. The goal is to give customers the knowledge that when machining begins, parts are going to be 100% right with zero defects

Typically, when a potential customer is looking for a machine shop to make a complex part, they’re looking for the latest equipment and current certifications including ASQ, ISO 9001, and AS9100. There’s a tremendous benefit for a customer to look beyond these prerequisites for a machine shop that’ll work with them from the design phases through manufacturing to predict and resolve failures before they happen. The ability to predict failures requires proactive communication and early engagement with an expert machine shop.

DFM

A DFM process enables the machine shop to anticipate possible complications and limitations in the machining process upfront.

“With DFM, the goal is to make the product manufacturable in an efficient and cost-effective way, and that starts with reviewing the parts and discussing the specifications openly,” says Tony Doan, CEO of San Jose, California-based Halcyon Manufacturing, an advanced ITAR registered and AS9100/ISO9001-certified manufacturing shop for complex parts serving Greater Silicon Valley. “The aerospace and defense industry needs a cutting-edge machine shop that has the expertise and the desire to guide their customers on how to achieve better machined products at a better price.”

This analysis and feedback are part of an ongoing manufacturing collaboration between an aerospace client and their contract machining partner well before production starts.

Halcyon applies the DFM protocol across a spectrum of metal, machining from bar grade 6061 aluminum, to brass, copper, titanium, plastics, and stainless steel. The company also works with quartz, ceramic, titanium, and a variety of steels, serving customers in the aerospace, home defense, automotive, medical, and semiconductor sectors.

“When you can use the latest simulation and process verification technologies prior to cutting the first chip of metal or plastic, then when you start manufacturing, you know that the parts are going to be 100% right the first time, every time,” Doan says.

Rapid prototyping

Rapid prototyping removes financial and time risk by providing a cost-effective way to test a full range of designs and materials. With rapid prototyping, many iterations of a part may never make it to production, which can save aerospace and defense contractors time and money.

“If we understand how the part needs to function, we can 3D print the item in plastic, run it through a few tests, and then proceed – rather than rush to machine parts out of expensive material in the prototype phase,” explains Doan, who adds that in addition to initial prototyping, 3D printing can be used to create workholding and fixtures.

Adaptability, scalability in production

Aerospace and defense clients operate in highly dynamic markets, often with need for changes to part specifications and a high mix of parts, so aerospace machine shops must be adaptable and flexible to handle any design changes. They also must be capable of scaling up production to include unattended manufacturing, if needed, without compromising the accuracy of the machining.

“While capacity is certainly important, the overall size of a machine shop isn’t the most important criterion,” Doan says. “Aerospace and defense companies certainly need manufacturing scale, but they also require adaptability as complex manufacturing designs evolve and change. For a machine shop to be an effective partner, they need to be nimble.”

Inspecting for quality upfront

To complement the machining capabilities and nimbleness, a shop must have state-of-the art metrology equipment for advanced inspections guided by a proactive zero-defect mindset.

“It’s not about making parts and sorting out the bad ones and shipping the good ones,” Doan says. “You need a machine shop committed to not making any bad parts.

“To produce the most precise parts, you must be able to inspect more than the finished goods,” Doan adds. “A machine shop should be inspecting in real-time such things as the setups and the speed throughout the process, which enables data to be captured for statistical predictive process control.”

At Halcyon, automated coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) perform process inspections and produce first-article reports. Halcyon also uses a digital multimeter (DMM) with scanning capability that can take thousands of data points during a scan of a complex curved surface. This results in very precise and accurate repeatable product evaluations.

Forging a partnership

Aviation, defense, and other sectors that rely on machine shops to produce precision parts to extremely tight tolerances with consistency should look beyond the basic certifications and CNC capabilities for those with the expertise to optimize the manufacturing process before any items are manufactured and adjust as needed afterward. With this level of flexibility, and by ensuring a zero-defect approach at every stage of the process, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and defense contractors can proceed with certainty that the parts they’re receiving are of the highest reliability and without unnecessary additional costs.

Halcyon Manufacturing